When Karachi’s Gul Plaza caught fire late on January 17, 2026, the first shock was the scale. The second was the timeline. Even after parts of the structure gave way, the blaze didn’t simply “end”. It lingered in heat pockets, smoke, and smoldering rubble. That detail matters, because fires that burn beyond 24 hours usually signal something bigger than bad luck. They reveal a mix of fuel load, building design, and response capacity that can turn a single spark into a multi-day disaster. The blaze tore through a multi-storey shopping complex housing more than 1,200 shops, leaving six people dead and more than 65 missing in the immediate aftermath. Officials suspected an electrical fault as the likely cause, while highly flammable stock such as carpets, blankets, and resin-based goods helped intensify the fire. Rescue efforts were further complicated by the partial collapse of the structure and the dense concentration of commercial units inside the building, making access difficult and increasing risks for emergency crews, including firefighters who were among the casualties. The city mayor visited the fire-hit Gul Plaza as rescue operations continued, but his arrival was met with angry protests from citizens who chanted slogans against the authorities. Speaking to the media, Mayor Murtaza Wahab said he understood the public’s pain and frustration, acknowledging that criticism was justified given the scale of the disaster. 🔥A major #fire broke out at the #GulPlaza shopping center in the #Pakistani city of Karachi, killing five people and injuring 18 others. This was reported by the Geo television channel. The fire started on the evening of January 17 on the mezzanine floor and spread to the… pic.twitter.com/TRzzDgVo4R — News.Az (@news_az) January 18, 2026 “>“I cannot give any time for when the fire will be completely brought under control or when the cooling process will end,” he said, adding that rescue efforts to locate missing persons were still underway. Right now, the most important question is: why do some fires refuse to die, even after a building fails? Why long-running fires are different In many routine building fires, crews aim to starve the flames by cooling, cutting oxygen, and preventing spread. But in dense commercial structures, three factors can stretch a fire into a long event: Fuel-rich interiors Textiles, plastics, chemicals, foam, and packed inventory can keep feeding combustion. Flammable materials inside Gul Plaza as a major factor in how intense it became. Compartmentalization failures Modern codes rely on fire-rated walls/doors and protected shafts to slow spread. When these are missing or bypassed fire migrates through stairwells, ducts, and voids. The “rubble pile” problem Collapse doesn’t guarantee extinction. It often creates a maze of debris where embers survive in insulated pockets. Firefighters may have to cool and break open layers for days to reach burning cores. Global parallels: when flames outlive the structure Ground Zero, New York (2001): the most famous “fire after collapse” The World Trade Center is a stark reminder that a collapsed site can keep burning long after the headlines move on. A U.S. EPA report noted that fires at the site “were not officially declared extinguished until December 19, 2001,” and debris continued to smolder and flare up. In other words, the problem wasn’t a lack of will. It was physics: huge debris volume, buried heat, and difficult access. Beirut Port (2020): industrial fuel loads and toxic smoke Port fires are a different category, but the lesson is transferable: when the “fuel” includes stored commercial goods and industrial materials, duration and toxicity both rise. The response becomes as much about safety distance and hazardous fumes as it is about water. Collapses that keep burning: when safety systems are absent Across multiple incidents worldwide, one pattern repeats: buildings without functioning suppression systems burn longer, spread faster, and become more dangerous to enter. That’s why sprinklers are considered non-negotiable in many jurisdictions for large commercial spaces. A key data point here: the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) reports that the death rate per 1,000 reported fires was about 90% lower in properties with sprinklers compared with those with no automatic extinguishing system. That doesn’t mean sprinklers “solve everything,” but it shows how strongly early suppression changes outcomes before a fire becomes a citywide emergency. Karachi’s “time factor”: when response turns into endurance Local frustration has centered on whether the emergency response was equipped for a fire of this scale. In an interview, Gul Plaza traders’ body chief Tanveer Qasim alleged repeated operational failures during the response: “Every ten minutes, the fire brigade’s water supply would run out, or there would be some technical issue,” he said. Even allowing for emotion and chaos, the quote captures what prolonged fires often expose: the endurance gap. Big commercial fires aren’t won in the first hour alone; they demand sustained water supply, equipment reliability, safe access, and incident coordination especially when structural collapse becomes likely. The invisible disaster: smoke, health, and what nearby residents breathe Long-running urban fires don’t just threaten the site. They push pollution into surrounding neighborhoods for hours or days. Smoke from burning modern goods can contain fine particulate matter and a cocktail of chemicals. Health experts consistently warn that PM2.5 (tiny particles) can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream raising respiratory and cardiovascular risks. Stanford’s Woods Institute quoted physician-scientist Kari Nadeau on wildfire smoke exposure, emphasizing its broad harm: “There is no safe distance from smoke.” Public-health agencies give practical advice that applies in any heavy-smoke situation: stay indoors when possible, reduce outdoor exertion, and use properly fitted respirators when exposure is unavoidable. The U.S. EPA notes that smoke can make both outdoor and indoor air unhealthy because some pollution infiltrates buildings. For Karachi, a high-value service angle is: what residents and shopkeepers near MA Jinnah Road should do during extended smoke especially children, older adults, pregnant women, and people with asthma or heart disease. What strong fire-safety systems do differently Gul Plaza’s story also fits a broader regulatory theme: many cities prevent multi-day fires not through